Chers lecteurs,
L’agence Zenit parle arabe depuis quatre ans. En ajoutant un service d’information en arabe, elle transmet un Evangile qui a peu d’annonciateurs médiatiques dans un monde qui plus que tous les autres a besoin de la Bonne Nouvelle du Christ.
Il en a besoin pour découvrir l’espérance au coeur d’une idéologie en expansion qui sème la mort et la haine et qui laisse derrière elle une terre brûlée par le désespoir.
Il en a besoin pour faire l’expérience de l’amour, d’un Dieu amour qui – comme l’explique le livre de la sagesse – « n’a pas fait la mort et ne prend pas plaisir à la perte des vivants » (Sg 1, 13), mais qui est le « Dieu des vivants » et la « source de la vie ».
Il en a besoin pour connaître la foi, une foi qui a germé sur ces terres à travers le Fils de Dieu qui s’est fait homme, mais qui, en raison des événements de l’histoire, est devenue une foi minoritaire.
L’expérience du Synode des évêques pour le Moyen-Orient en octobre dernier n’a pas été seulement, pour nous, collaborateurs de Zenit en arabe, une période de travail intense mais une réelle prise de conscience de notre rôle missionnaire au Moyen-Orient et parmi les chrétiens orientaux de la diaspora.
Nous avons rencontré des dizaines de patriarches et évêques des Eglises orientales. Nous vous proposons ci-dessous quelques uns des témoignages qu’ils nous ont transmis:
Un moyen de communication et de communion
Le patriarche d’Antioche des Syriens, S. B. Ignace Youssif III Younan a souligné le rôle médiatique de médiation et de communion joué par Zenit dans le monde arabe et a exprimé son affection et son appréciation en disant : « L’édition arabe de Zenit est un moyen de communication moderne qui a su se gagner l’affection et le respect de tous ses lecteurs dont nous sommes les premiers ». Il a ajouté : « Grâce à ce service de qualifié, les lecteurs sont au courant de tout ce qui se passe dans l’Eglise et des activités du Saint-Siège, et reçoivent une nourriture spirituelle solide ».
Un instrument de dialogue
S. B. Grégoire III Laham, B.S., patriarche d’Antioche des Grecs-Melkites a expliqué pourquoi il insistait depuis des années sur la nécessité d’offrir un service d’information catholique en langue arabe et a remercié Zenit d’avoir été la première agence à faire cela de manière professionnelle. Il a commenté l’importance de ce service pour les musulmans en disant : « N’oublions pas que l’arabe est la langue du Coran, et que lorsqu’ils voient les nouvelles du Vatican et de l’Eglise en arabe, les musulmans considèrent cela comme un hommage à leur livre sacré. Ceci contribue au dialogue et au respect réciproque ».
S.B. a également attiré l’attention sur le nombre important de personnes qui parlent et lisent l’arabe (plus de 350 millions), en encourageant Zenit à poursuivre ce service aussi vaste et unique pour tout le monde arabe. Il a conclu en disant : « Par votre travail, vous aidez les musulmans non seulement à comprendre leurs compatriotes chrétiens mais aussi à comprendre et connaître l’Eglise et le Vatican ».
Un écho de l’Evangile
Le témoignage de l’évêque de Louxor-Thèbes des Coptes en Egypte, Mgr Youhannes Zakaria, a été particulièrement émouvant. Il a évoqué les difficultés qu’il éprouvait avant le lancement de Zenit en arabe pour rester en contact avec l’actualité de l’Eglise universelle. « Zenit en arabe est une grande oeuvre – a-t-il dit – nous prions pour vous et pour tous ceux qui soutiennent cette oeuvre précieuse ».
Il a expliqué que cette oeuvre n’est pas seulement un moyen pour transmettre « les nouvelles de l’Eglise catholique et les discours du Saint-Père, mais qu’il s’agit d’un moyen pour diffuser la parole de Jésus ». Dans le vaste monde des médias, Zenit est « une oasis florissante pour la parole de la paix, pour la parole de la charité ».
« Zenit n’est pas seulement un journal, Zenit est un Evangile, un Evangile que nous vivons et qui nous aide dans le monde d’aujourd’hui avec ses multiples pièges. Zenit en arabe est une boussole qui nous aide dans ce monde à orienter notre vie chrétienne ».
Chers lecteurs,
Les plus beaux cadeaux sont ceux qui viennent du coeur. Si pour vous Zenit a été une boussole, un écho de l’Evangile, un moyen pour mieux connaître votre Eglise et l’aimer, un instrument humble mais efficace pour mieux connaître l’Evangile et aimer davantage le Seigneur, n’hésitez pas à offrir des abonnements. Vous avez reçu gratuitement. Donnez gratuitement.
Nous vous invitons donc à vous joindre aux milliers d’autres lecteurs de Zenit dans les sept langues dans lesquelles sont diffusés les services d’information, pour participer à ce concours « Zenit en cadeau 2010 ».
Pour offrir un abonnement en langue française, cliquez sur:
http://www.zenit.org/french/cadeau.html
Pour offrir un abonnement en langue arabe, cliquez sur:
http://www.zenit.org/arabic/gift.html
Pour les autres langues, cf. ci-dessous.
Nous vous souhaitons un bon avent.
Tony Assaf et Robert Cheaib
Zenit – Edition en langue arabe
————-
ZENIT EN CADEAU 2010
Pour offrir ZENIT:
- en allemand : http://www.zenit.org/german/geschenk.html
- en espagnol : http://www.zenit.org/spanish/regalo.html
- en français : http://www.zenit.org/french/cadeau.html
- en anglais : http://www.zenit.org/english/gift.html
- en italien : http://www.zenit.org/italian/regalo.html
- en portugais : http://www.zenit.org/portuguese/presente.html
- en arabe : http://www.zenit.org/arabic/gift.html
Before reading this texte, I would like to invite you to take some minutes thinking about the SEX by your own conscience. Sex frankly saying that is a gift for mankind. It’s not only the joy but also a sharing of love, a manifestation of profound love to the parner. But man is not an animal. He is capable of thinking about the consequence of his action. And man is not something better than woman. He is not more superior than woman, because thanks to woman that he comes to life. Knowing that the other people, other cultures who don’t know who God (Allah) is, but they are respecting for sex and for woman. Can you imagine that your mother is one of the « virgin » that your father has received like a gift from another, and he can « enjoy » his sex’s passion with her then give birth to you. Your mother is just an object, a thing that your father use to reflex and to pulse out his energy? Didn’t you get out from the vulve of your mother? Then why you treat the women, the young girls like what you want?
Hopefully the ready « Allah » does not reserve « millions of millions » of young virgins in the paradise then he will give you when you come to. Will he creates on earth men and women, then creates again in the paradise to give you? Where are these virgins now? What are they doing in attending your arrival? God is not just when he creates these virgins to serve your sex’s passion? If it is not ready, then your Koran? Isn’t it the book that fell down to the hands of Muhammad from heaven? Or he himself wrote it to serve his own passion? He himself had many wifes and « virgins » also in heaven? What is he doing with these virgins? Fucking with them? Or staying aside? I wish to have the answer from the good willing « muslims » and good willing people.
I wish to become a muslim to have sex every day in heaven with many virgins. But I have pity on them. Why God creats them just to give me to have sex with? One time having sex, they will not be virgins anymore, and what can I do with them? I need an answer from my good friends muslims.
I got this article from the site : http://histclo.com/chron/me/islam/kor/kor-sex.html
The Koran and Sexuality
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The Koran is generally portrayed as advocating sexual restraint. This is best expressed in the Muslim world as modesty in dress. Many Muslim countries in particular seem obsessed with enforcing extreme modesty in women’s dress. Islamic scholars debate just what is required. The most extreme form is expressed in the all-enveloping burqa, a form of dress no where mentioned in the Koran. But what is most startling about the Koran is the number of sexually charged passages in a religion with believers that advocate draconian repression of sexuality. All of these passages deal with how male Muslims will be rewarded. Most of these passages describes how deserving Muslims will be rewarded with virgins. This is troubling not only because it seems to suggest that Islamic heroes are not only rewarded by sexual relations with large numbers of women, but they are young women and given the early age of marriage at the time, actually girls. Even more astonishingly for a religious community repelled by homosexuality, there are even Koranic passages suggesting that deserving Muslims will be rewarded with beautiful boys. Perhaps our Muslim readers can explain these passages to us, but the wording seems all to clear. Remember that Muslims see these words as the very words of God. There are similarities and differences between the Bible and Koran. These passages on sexuality seem to us to be some of the most dramatic differences. As we say, we do not pretend to be Koranic scholars. We thus welcome contributions from Muslim readers explaining these passages.
Islamic Image: Modesty and Sexual Restraint
The Koran is generally portrayed as advocating sexual restraint. This is best expressed in the Muslim world as modesty in dress. Many Muslim countries in particular seem obsessed with enforcing extreme modesty in women’s dress. Islamic scholars debate just what is required. The most extreme form is expressed in the all-enveloping burqa, a form of dress no where mentioned in the Koran.
Sexual Rewards
What we do not understand if Islam advocates modesty and sexual restraint, why is it that Islamic warriors and other deserving Muslims are to be rewarded in Paradise by virtually unlimited sexual pleasure, including access to large numbers of virgins. It seems to us that is is a basic Koranic contradiction as to moral standards.
Sexual Rewards to Deserving Male Muslims: Virgins
But what is most startling about the Koran is the number of sexually charged passages in a religion with believers who advocate draconian repression of sexuality. All of these passages deal with how male Muslims will be rewarded in Islamic Paradise or Jannat. There are apparently no sexual rewards for seserving female Muslims. Most of these passages describes how deserving male Muslims will be rewarded with virgins. This is troubling not only because it seems to suggest that Islamic heroes and the mere rightous are not only rewarded by sexual relations with large numbers of women, but they are young women and given the early age of marriage at the time, actually girls. This is an almost obscene concept, but is is deeply enshrined in the Holy Koran. The Koran includes passages praising marriage and fairness to women. The Koranic vision, however, appears to shift once the faithful pass on to Paradise. There the Koran no longer mentions marriage and chastity, at least for men. Once in heaven, Islamic martyrs apparently can forget their wives and gratify their sexual; desires with younger, fresh women and girls--’Houris’ (beautiful virgins). Interestingly Islamic women no matter how virtuous appear to get no sexual rewards in Paradise. One is left to wonder just what deserving Islamic women do in Paradise besides watching their husbands, sons, and brothers go about deflowering all those virgins. Were these passages not part of the Koran they would be seen if not as pornographic, very suggestive.
Surah 37
Verses 37:40-48
« … They will sit with bashful, dark-eyed virgins, as chaste as the sheltered eggs of ostriches. »
Surah 44
Verses 44:51-55
« … Yes and We shall wed them to dark-eyed houris (beautiful virgins). »
Surah 52
Verses 52:17-20
« … They shall recline on couches ranged in rows. To dark-eyed houris (virgins) we shall wed them… »
Surah 55
Verses 55:56-57
« In them will be bashful virgins neither man nor Jinn will have touched before. Then which of the favors of your Lord will you deny ? »
Verses 55:57-58
« Virgins as fair as corals and rubies. Then which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? »
Verses 55:70-77
« In each there shall be virgins chaste and fair… Dark eyed virgins sheltered in their tents whom neither man nor Jin will have touched before..
Surah 56
Verses 56:7-40
« … We created the houris (the beautiful women) and made them virgins, loving companions for those on the right hand … »
Surah 78
Verse 78:31
« As for the righteous, they shall surely triumph. Theirs shall be gardens and vineyards, and high- bosomed virgins for companions: a truly overflowing cup. »
Homosexuality
Some Islamic regimes actually execute homosexuals (Afghanistan under the Taliban, Iran, Saudi Arabia, etc.). Homosexuality is not, however, addressed in any detail by the Koran and there is no indication that it should be classified as a capital crime. We note only a few Koranic references to homosexuality. And while the Koran says that Homosexuals should be punished, it does not suggest that the punishment should be severe, it only says that they should be punished. Mohammad as best we can tell could not make up his mind about homosexuality. He appears to have settled on a compromise, prohibiting it on early, but allowing it as a reward in paradise. (See « Pedestry » below.) The fact that the Koran takes this view makes the current abomination which fundamentalist Islamicists hold homosexuality rather curious. Historians provide ample evidence of important homosexuality individuals in Muslim countries. Babar, the Moghul king who conquered large areas of India was in love with a young boy named Baburi. Kuttubuddin Aibak was another Muslim ruler of India who was homosexuality and used to dress and dance as a woman. While Mohammad in the Koran seems rather confused about homosexuality, this is not the case of the Muslim world today. There is a debate in Islam is not over if homosexuality is acceptable, but only about how severe the punishment should be. The Hadith are a group of passages and rights claimed to be written by Mohammad and are used in teaching Islam. Here Mohammad speaks much more forcefully against Homosexuality. He classifies homosexuality as a capital crime, but such a punishment is not included in the Koran.
Surah 4
Verse 4:16
« And if two (men) of you commit it, then hurt them both; but if they turn again and amend, leave them alone, verily, God is easily turned, compassionate. »
This to us suggests that the Koran does not suggest homosexuality was wrong, but not an especially severe offense. Certainly there is no indication here that homosexuality is a capital crime.
Surah 27
Verse 27:55
« Would ye really approach men in your lusts rather than Women? Nay, ye are a people (grossly) ignorant! »
Various Surahs
Much of the Korans discussion of homosexuality deals with Lot. It is similar to a Biblical passage in which a mob wants to break into Lots home and rape male visitors who are in fact angles. They are not dissuaded when Lot offers his daughters. The Koran breaks the discussion into various surahs (4: 78-84, 11: 77-84, 26: 160-174, and 29: 28-45). Homosexuality is clearly seen as a « transgression, « Do ye approach males of all the world and leave what God your Lord has created for you of your wives? nay, but ye are people who transgress!’ » [26: 165-166] But the presentation here describes an attempted gang rape and not homosexual acts between consenting individuals. Later it is described as an « evil ». « What! do ye approach men? (or Do you commit sexual acts with men?) and stop folks on the highway? And approach in your assembly sin?’ but the answer of his people was only to say, ‘Bring us God’s torment, if thou art of those who speak the truth!’ Said he, ‘My Lord! help me against a people who do evil!’ » [29: 29-30]
Pedestry
Even more astonishingly for a religious community repelled by homosexuality are Koranic references to male beauty (beautiful, fresh boys). These seem to permit pedestry in paradise. They seem to be promises made to Muslim men who make it to paradise. We note, however, that there are Koranic passages suggesting that deserving Muslims will not only be be rewarded with virgin girls, but beautiful boys as well. Perhaps our Muslim readers can explain these passages to us, but the wording seems all to clear, especially as they not only refer to beauty, but « freshness ». It is difficult not to see these terms as sexual references. Remember that Muslims see these words as the very words of God. This means that God had a reason for using these terms.
Surah 52
Verse 52:24
« Round about them will serve, to them, boys (handsome) as pearls well-guarded. » Another translation reads, « And there shall wait on them [the Muslim men] young boys of their own, as fair as virgin pearls. »
Surah 56
Verse 56: 17
« Round about them will serve boys of perpetual freshness. »
Surah 76
Verse 76: 19
« And round about them will serve boys of perpetual freshness: if thou seest them, thou wouldst think them scattered pearls. » Another translation reads, « They shall be attended by boys graced with eternal youth, who will seem like scattered pearls to the beholders. »
Slavery
The Koran includes many passages legitimizing slavery. It is notable the number of the 114 surah/sura (chapters) of the Koran that have refences to slavery. While the European Atlantic slave trade was conducted over four centuries, the Arab African slave trade was conducted over 14 centuries, and has not finally ended even in the 21st century. A factor here is that slavery is clearly scationed in the Koran and many Arabs and othet Muslims believe that the Koran is the literal word of God which can not be questioned by our more enlightened modern attitudes on social values and human rights. There are many references to slavery in the Koran. These include passages giving male slave owners the right to demand sexual favors from their female slaves. The fact that the Koran includes these passages on slavery is one reason that slavery continues in countries like the Sudan. Muslim countries because of these passages find it difficult to legislate against slavery or to enforce laws related to slavery.
Interpretation
We are unsure just how to interpret these passages. In might be said that they are mere poetry and not to be taken literally. But remember that a very large body of Islam believes that the Koran is the word of God and should be taken literally. Did the Arab warriors that spread Islam in the 7th and 8th century take these passages literally. Presumably they did. People at the time, both Muslims and Christians took religion very seriously. We are unsure just how modern Muslims take these passages. But even if they do not take them seriously, how do we view the sentiment involved. Most readers non-Muslim readers would find offensive the idea of rewarding men with young women and girls. It is notable that a great deal of what Jesus, Buddha, and Confucius say speak of universal truths. Readers may believe that gratifying men’s sexual desires with virgins is not exactly a universal truth. One may question Jesus’ divinity, but there is little to take issue with in his teachings. The Koran is very different. Passages like this would offend most modern readers of what ever religion and secular-oriented individuals as well.
Muslim Responses
We have asked Muslim readers to explain the sexuality in these passages to us. Most were offended that we would ask this question and refuse to even consider the question. One reader responded that they do not exist. She writes, « So you claim you have read the Quran! Would you please provide me with a verse that says that martyrs are rewarded by numerous virgins? There is NO SINGLE VERSE THAT SAYS SO. See, this is the brain wash and the propaganda you want to believe in. Again , I hate that you are trying to sound so neutral and fair. » [BK} She was so emphatic about this that I thought by Koran was an aberrant translation. The whole purpose of these Koranic pages is to go to the core source on the Islamic faith. So I researched the subject on the Internet.
Koranic Translations and Islamic Scholarship
I found that many, if not most, versions of the Koran do indeed use the term virgins as part of the rewards offered deserving Muslims in paradise. (We encourage readers to do their own Internet search to confirm this. A good example of what I found is this review of several translations. "What of the rewards in paradise? The Islamic paradise is described in great sensual detail in the Koran and the Traditions; for instance, Koran sura 56 verses 12 -40 ; sura 55 verses 54-56 ; sura 76 verses 12-22. I shall quote the celebrated Penguin translation by NJ Dawood of sura 56 verses 12- 39: "They shall recline on jeweled couches face to face, and there shall wait on them immortal youths with bowls and ewers and a cup of purest wine (that will neither pain their heads nor take away their reason); with fruits of their own choice and flesh of fowls that they relish. And theirs shall be the dark-eyed houris, chaste as hidden pearls: a guerdon [reward] for their deeds… We created the houris and made them virgins, loving companions for those on the right hand… » One should note that most translations, even those by Muslims themselves such as A Yusuf Ali, and the British Muslim Marmaduke Pickthall, translate the Arabic (plural) word Abkarun as virgins, as do well-known lexicons such the one by John Penrice. I emphasize this fact since many prudish and embarrassed Muslims claim there has been a mistranslation, that « virgins » should be replaced by « angels ». In sura 55 verses 72-74, Dawood translates the Arabic word » hur » as « virgins », and the context makes clear that virgin is the appropriate translation: « Dark-eyed virgins sheltered in their tents (which of your Lord’s blessings would you deny?) whom neither man nor jinnee will have touched before. » The word hur occurs four times in the Koran and is usually translated as a « maiden with dark eyes ». [Warraq] The author also writes, « Modern apologists of Islam try to downplay the evident materialism and sexual implications of such descriptions, but, as the Encyclopedia of Islam says, even orthodox Muslim theologians such as al Ghazali (died 1111 CE) and Al-Ash’ari (died 935 CE) have « admitted sensual pleasures into paradise ». The sensual pleasures are graphically elaborated by Al-Suyuti (died 1505), Koranic commentator and polymath. He wrote: « Each time we sleep with a houri we find her virgin. Besides, the penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal; the sensation that you feel each time you make love is utterly delicious and out of this world and were you to experience it in this world you would faint. Each chosen one [ie Muslim] will marry seventy [sic] houris, besides the women he married on earth, and all will have appetizing vaginas. » This text is so graphic that I had to think twice about loading it on our website. What I do not understand is how a religion that is so strict and prudish has such texts in the Koran and other revered works of religious scholarship.
Denial
Many Muslims are embarrassed if not shocked by the Koranic verses we have cited. A HBC reader denies that they exist and her nroff is a new translation of the Koran that she insists is The Truth. There are many respected Koranic scholars who take issue with this. But in fairness we are more than willing to add her preferred version of the Koran. She reports that the pleasures of paradise are not for martyrs and are allegorical. We have no problem with this. Our problem is with the translation of those allegorical pleasures. At any rate this is what our Muslim contributor tells us, « Do you see any girl virgins here? Please be honest and rely on honest resources. [HBC response: No we do not see virgins mentioned in the readers translsation. We do, however, see them mentioned in many other versions of the Koran.] he question you will ask next is: how come the translation you found has these twisted words and is focused on women and virgins? The answer is that those who translated these verses are Islamic scholars who are brain washed with the corrupted Hadith and Sunna ( sayings and practices claimed to be the prophet’s and falsely attributed to our religion) This is why they cannot come up with an honest translation based on the original text. This is what I tried to explain to you in my very first response, but you skip lines and you do not read with the intention to increase your knowledge. Your mind has been already set and you just want to spread rumors and utter lies about the Quran and Islam. Please read the attached response one more time. Again, in black and white ink, I gave you straightforwards verses that state that all these physical, earthly descriptions of Heaven are allegorical (13:35, and 37:14). »
Usage
We are unsure at this time as to what versions of the Koran are widely used in the Muslim world, Nor do we know how to find out.
Sources
BK. eMail message, December 3, 2007.
Warraq, Ibn. « Virgins? What virgins? » The Guardian (January 12, 2002).
| Par Kainz Howard |
|
Tout le monde parle ces jours-ci sur la nécessité d’un dialogue avec l’islam, peut-être pas un groupe religieux en plus d’insistance que l’Église catholique. Comme de nombreux critiques l’ont souligné, toutefois, vous n’avez qu’à un véritable dialogue où les deux parties sont très franches sur ce qu’ils croient et quels actes ils encouragent.Compte tenu de l’étrangeté de l’Islam pour la plupart des Occidentaux, il est souvent difficile de porter un jugement fiable en la matière. Mais à l’heure actuelle, de tels jugements sont désespérément besoin. |
Islam and the Definition of Religion
| By Howard Kainz |
| Everyone talks these days about the need for dialogue with Islam, perhaps no religious group more insistently than the Catholic Church. As many critics have pointed out, however, you only have real dialogue when both sides are quite candid about what they believe and what acts they encourage. Given the foreignness of Islam for most Westerners, it is often difficult to make reliable judgments in such matters. But at present, such judgments are desperately needed. |
I am dreaming of the holidays that I could spend with my parents. But have I ever known the meaning of these holidays? Is it just a vacation, a time of rest, away from noise and people? No, I am dreaming of the Holy Days, the days that the Lord gives you and me. Now, just make your next holidays the great Holy Days.
C’est vraiment ridicule de chercher dans la Bible Hébraïque pour voir s’il y a un mot qui ressemble le nom du prophète musulman. Ce nom signifie : loué … mais dans ce cas de Cantique des Cantiques, Mahamadim n’est pas du tout « Loué ». On prend ce mot ressemble pour dire que Muhammad est écrit déjà dans la Bible. En plus, les musulmans disent, selon leur prophète Muhammed, que la Bible a tordu, que la Bible est faute. De même pour les chrétiens, ils disent que les chrétiens ne sont pas fidèles. Alors, dans ce cas, quel est le sens réelle de Muhammad? En français, quand on dit : cou, c’est une parti sous la tête de l’homme et des animaux. Mais, quand on entend ce mot, les Vietnamiens vont penser que l’on parle du couille, car cou quand on parle, ça fait le couille en Vietnamiens. De même pour Muhammad, ce n’est pas et ce n’est jamais écrit dans la Bible. Désolé.
J’ai trouvé ça dans une site. C’est rigolo !
http://www.dawacenter.org/cant-5-16.html
Le nom Muhammad dans la Bible !
Dans le chapitre 5 du Cantique des Cantiques, une femme fait la description de l’homme qu’elle aime, à la fin du chapitre, on peut lire le nom Muhammad.
Quoi de plus clair pour une prophétie ?
טז חִכּוֹ, מַמְתַקִּים, וְכֻלּוֹ, מַחֲמַדִּים; זֶה דוֹדִי וְזֶה רֵעִי, בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָם
Hiko mamtakim vé khulo Mahamadim, zé dodi vé zé réi, bnot yarushalaim.
Cantique 5.16
Son palais n’est que douceur, Et toute sa personne est pleine de charme.
Tel est mon bien-aimé, tel est mon ami, Filles de Jérusalem!
(Bible Louis Segond)
Cantique 5.16
Ses discours sont la suavité même, et tout en lui n’est que charme.
Tel est mon bien-aimé, tel est mon époux, filles de Jérusalem.
(Bible de Jérusalem)
Cantique 5.16
Son palais est la douceur même ; et tout son être est l’objet même du désir.
Tel est mon chéri, tel est mon compagnon, filles de Jérusalem !
(Bible TOB)
מחמדּים
מַחמדּים
מֻחמדּים
Le suffixe « im » ajouté, nous lisons Mouhamad-im.
Dodi=oncle [1] (sauf Proverbes)
Rai=prochain, voisin [1]
Conclusion
Icône de la Trinité
Monastère Saint-Antoine
Qui donc est le Dieu des Chrétiens? C’est Dieu le Père, « Créateur du Ciel et de la terre » et son Fils Jésus Christ, le Ressuscité, Dieu au même titre que le Père. Mais c’est aussi l’Esprit qui « est Seigneur et donne la vie; il procède du Père et du Fils », selon l’affirmation du Credo (voir aussi l’article Pour une existence chrétienne contemporaine, une vie dans l’Esprit).
Est-ce dire que nous croyons en trois dieux? Bien sûr que non! Notre foi chrétienne porte essentiellement sur le Dieu trinitaire : un seul Dieu Père, Fils et Esprit. Qu’est-ce à dire? Le Dieu en qui nous croyons n’est pas solitaire; il est un Dieu de communion, un Dieu défini par l’amour (voir l’article La Trinité divine ou l’amour en nous).
Dieu est trinitaire dans son être même; il est un être de relation. Il est vivante communion en lui-même, et capable par le fait même de communion et d’amour avec les êtres humains qu’il a créés « à son image et à sa ressemblance » (Gn 1,26). Étant le Dieu de la relation, il invite ses créatures à entrer en relation avec lui et avec les autres. Il y a là un grand mystère certes, mais un mystère de la profondeur de l’être de Dieu et de son amour.
Ce qui nous caractérise comme chrétiens ou disciples du Christ, ce n’est pas que nous croyons en Dieu; les Musulmans et les Juifs y croient également. C’est que nous croyons aussi en Jésus Christ, Seigneur des vivants et des morts et en l’Esprit qu’il a « répandu » sur ses disciples (Ac 2,32). L’Emmanuel, le Dieu présent à l’expérience chrétienne, c’est à la fois Dieu le Père et son Fils Jésus Christ qui assiste et dynamise les croyants par son Esprit.
Le Dieu de notre salut, le Dieu de notre avenir, c’est le Dieu Trinité qui, dans le mystère pascal du Ressuscité, nous appelle constamment et dès ici-bas à passer de la servitude à la liberté, des ténèbres à la lumière, de la mort à la vie.
Source : http://www.catechese.viateurs.ca/catechese/dieu-chretiens/page-6.cfm
Le Seigneur Jésus est l’Emmanuel (Dieu-avec-nous)
Pour les premiers chrétiens, Jésus Christ n’est plus seulement le Messie attendu; par sa résurrection il est devenu le Seigneur, le Sauveur du monde, le Fils de Dieu « avec puissance » (Rm 1,4).
Jésus ressuscité présent dans la Communauté
Le don de l’Esprit
evangile-et-peinture.org
Mais voilà que des événements mystérieux viennent surprendre les disciples dans leur découragement. Jésus se manifeste à eux de multiples façons. Ils se mettent alors à affirmer avec assurance et conviction : « Jésus est vivant! Le Christ est ressuscité! » Ils en font une expérience profonde qui les transforme totalement.
Un Dieu devenu proche en Jésus Christ
La fille de Jaïre
evangile-et-peinture.org
En plus de s’adresser à Dieu en tant que Père, Jésus a montré le vrai visage de Dieu en agissant en parfaite conformité avec sa volonté. Dans sa vie terrestre, il a toujours été en contact profond avec le Père et il a exprimé de façon exemplaire comment Dieu se comporte dans ses relations avec l’ensemble de l’humanité.